Within a few weeks, countries around the globe, including Switzerland, adopted a nationwide lockdown as one of the most drastic containment measures to counter the spread of the disease. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic ( 1). However, in line with the structured days hypothesis, getting involved in media-structured activities like television viewing might protect against mental health symptoms. Underlying mechanisms are manifold, including increased exposure to COVID-19 news, heightened fear of missing out, social comparison, and time-displaced for activities such as physical activity and green time. Among covariates, being female, experiencing two or more life events, having mental health problems at T1, and using screens for homeschooling negatively influenced mental health at T2.Ĭonclusion: These results align with literature indicating a small but negative effect of social media time on mental health. More time spent in structured media activities like television viewing diminished levels of inattention (β = −0.091, p = 0.021) and anxiety (β = −0.093, p = 0.014). The results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that, controlling for covariates, increased time spent on social media – calculated as the difference between T2 and T1 – was the only screen-media activity significantly associated with worse mental health at T2 (β = 0.112, p = 0.016). Screen-media activities increased, with the exception of television viewing and video gaming. In particular, medium effect sizes were found for anxiety, depression, and inattention small-to-medium effect sizes were reported for loneliness, sleep problems, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and a small effect size was found for somatic symptoms. Results: Paired-sample t-tests with Bonferroni's correction showed that most mental health problems increased over time with an overall medium effect size (Hedge's g = 0.337). Measures for screen-media activities included time spent on the Internet, smartphones, social media, video gaming, instant messaging, and television viewing. Self-reported mental health measures included somatic symptoms, inattention, anxiety, irritability, anger, sleep problems, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, loneliness, and depression. Data come from 674 Swiss adolescents (56.7% females, M age = 14.45, SD age = 0.50) during Spring 2019 (T1) and Autumn 2020 (T2) as part of the longitudinal MEDIATICINO study. Methods: In the present natural experiment, we investigated these effects using longitudinal data collected before and after the first lockdown in Switzerland. However, the long-term effects of the latter on adolescents' mental health are still little explored. A general increment in screen time was reported. 4Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerlandīackground: During the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, adolescents' mental health was largely undermined.3Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.2Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States Laura Marciano 1 * Kasisomayajula Viswanath 1 Rosalba Morese 2,3 Anne-Linda Camerini 2,4
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